医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病发生现状及其影响因素分析

目的 分析医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病发生现状及其影响因素，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法 以长沙市某医院在本单位工作≥1年的全体医护人员为研究对象进行肌肉骨骼疾病患病情况及相关因素问卷调查。采用描述流行病学分析方法进行分析，并采用单、多因素分析方法对医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病患病影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究共对全院医务人员802人进行调查。男女性别比为0.8∶1，年龄18～65岁，以18～29岁人群为主，占56.61%，护理部门占58.10%。802名医护人员中有260例（占32.42%）患有肌肉骨骼疾病，能够自行缓解202例（占77.69%）。多因素分析结果显示，女性（OR＝1.376）、护理和医疗辅助部门（OR＝3.216、3.149）、年龄越大（OR＝3.435）、工作年限越长（OR＝2.759）、焦虑症状（OR＝3.177）、工作空间狭窄（OR＝2.563）、搬动重物情况≥5次/d（OR＝3.501）的医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病患病风险较高，锻炼情况在1～3次/周和≥4次/周（OR＝0.358、0.150）的医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病患病风险较小。结论 医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病发生率较高，其影响因素较多，医疗相关部门应针对其采取相应的干预措施，以降低医护人员肌肉骨骼疾病的发生风险。     

长沙市新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征分析

目的 了解长沙市新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)流行特征,为疫情防控提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对长沙市2020年1月1日—3月6日期间的新型冠状病毒肺炎流行特征进行分析。结果 2020年1月1日—3月6日期间长沙市累计报告新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例242例,重症率15.70%;长沙市每日报告确诊病例数自2月3日以来整体呈下降趋势。209例出院病例的住院天数为5~37 d,平均住院天数为(16.91±7.32)d;发病以30~50岁年龄组为主(23.95%),50岁以上人群的重症率最高(26.26%, χ²=14.124,P=0.001),职业以家务及待业(16.53%)和离退人员(15.70%)为主;主要临床表现为发热(65.70%)、干咳(41.74%)和乏力(33.06%)。结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎发病数虽呈下降趋势,但随着人员流动的增加,需加强防控措施防止疫情反弹。     

Recurrent BRCA1 Mutation,but no BRCA2 Mutation,in Vietnamese Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma Detected with Next Generation Sequencing

Background: Identification of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations in ovarian cancer is important for genetic counseling and treatment decision making with poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors. Unfortunately, data on the frequency of BRCA1/2 mutations in Vietnamese patients are scare. Methods: We aim to explore the occurrence of BRCA1/2 mutations in 101 Vietnamese patients with ovarian cancer including serous (n = 58), endometrioid (n = 14), mucinous (n = 24), and clear cell (n = 5) carcinomas. BRCA1/2 mutations were detected from formalin-fixed parafin-embedded tumor samples using the OncomineTM BRCA Research Assay on Personal Genome Machine Platform with Ion Reporter Software for sequencing data analysis. The presence of pathogenic mutations was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: We found no BRCA2 mutation in the entire cohort. Four types of pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 (Ser454Ter, Gln541Ter, Arg1751Ter, and Gln1779AsnfsTer14) were detected in 8 unrelated patients (7.9%) belonging to serous and endometrioid carcinoma groups. Except for the c.1360_1361delAG (Ser454Ter) mutation in BRCA1 exon 11 that was somatic, the other mutations in exons 11, 20, and 22 were germline.  Interestingly, the recurrent Arg1751Ter mutation in BRCA1 exon 20 appeared in 4 patients, suggesting that this is a founder mutation in Vietnamese patients. Conclusion: Mutational analysis of tumor tissue using next generation sequencing allowed the detection of both germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations.     

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Viroporins of Animal Viruses

Viroporins are a group of low-molecular-weight proteins containing about 50–120 amino acid residues, which are encoded by animal viruses. Viroporins are involved in several stages of the viral life cycle, including viral gene replication and assembly, as well as viral particle entry and release. Viroporins also play an important role in the regulation of antiviral innate immune responses, especially in inflammasome formation and activation, to ensure the completion of the viral life cycle. By reviewing the research progress made in recent years on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by viroporins of animal viruses, we aim to understand the importance of viroporins in viral infection and to provide a reference for further research and development of novel antiviral drugs.